Sarah Elliott

Her Voice Counts

When protests and uprisings broke out in Tunisia in January of 2011, then quickly spread to Egypt and Libya, women were present on the “frontline” standing side by side with men for the fight for freedom and democracy. The Arab Springs gave women the opportunity to participate in roles that they never dreamed of playing.  

Women in Libya raised money for weapons for rebels, smuggled bullets in their purses, called in NATO airstrikes, volunteered at frontline clinics, created revolutionary newspapers, and even fought on the frontlines. In Egypt, women said they were treated as equals at demonstrations and in Tahrir Square. “It didn’t feel like there was men and women, just people. It was the first time in my life I felt something like this.” says Dina Abouelsoud, one of the organizers of the International Woman’s Day march in Tahrir Square which followed their revolution.  

For most individuals, a revolution suggests positive change and departure from oppression or a tyrannical mechanism. If a revolution supported and fought for by women were obtained, one would hope for and expect reasonable progress. One would anticipate seeing improvement and not digression for women’s rights in the evolving political landscape of the new Arab world.  

  • On March 8th, recognized as International Women's Day women's groups and ngo's gathered in the capitol of Libya to celebrate. {quote}The Voice of Libyan Women{quote} and {quote}Phoenix Libya{quote} groups were present, all dressed in white to signify peace. Women and girls chanted slogans, gave speeches and sang songs to celebrate.
  • Women gathered by the thousands in Tripoli's Martyrs' Square (formerly known as Green Square) to celebrate the ousting of Muammar Gaddafi. A sea of headscarves, national flags and victory signs filled the square where women sang songs and chanted in celebration. Women for the most part have been out of the public eye during the revolution, but many have been working behind the scenes to liberate the country from the 42-year oppressive regime.
  • Psychologist Aisha Mohammed Gdour, 44, collected money from people in her community to help families in Tripoli with little means before the revolution began. Aisha, along with a network of trusted female friends also helped to financially support orphans. During the revolution Aisha collected money for guns and smuggled bullets in her purse. In addition, she volunteered at Matiga Military Hospital the last five days of Ramadan.
  • Nisreen Mansour al Forgani, 19, volunteered for Gaddafi’s all-female militia a year ago, she spent most of her time commanding road blocks. In the female section of the Popular Guards Nisreen was trained to use firearms, specifically trained as a sniper. Over the course of her time in the Guards Nisreen says she was raped on multiple occasions by Mansour Dau, who was the commander of 77 Brigade, his son and other senior men. As rebels closed in on the capitol Nisreen says she was taken to the Bosleem district of Tripoli where she was forced at gunpoint to execute suspected rebels. She does not know how many men she killed that day. After trying to escape by jumping out of a window anti- Gaddafi men found her, wrapped her in a blanket and took her to a Mosque before taking her to Matiga Military Hospital for treatment. In the hospital Dr. Rabia Gajum head of department of behavior and psychology looked after Nisreen. Today she is being held at Tripoli's Jdaida Prison, “I never in my life thought I’d be in prison. When I arrived many people yelled at me because they had heard about what I have done. They are treating me well here, and even let me talk to my mom on the phone. Being here is better than being with Gaddafi’s people. My mom tells me that the people here are my brothers and my family, and to be patient, that the revolution was good for the country. I want to know what will happen to me, but no one tells me. I have lost hope. I just want to know my fate.”
  • A drawing hangs on the wall in the {quote}grains of hope{quote} office in Misrata. The group is comprised predominantly of women who make food for the rebels on the front line, approximately 300 meals a day. In addition, they also collect money and clothes for families whose houses were destroyed during the intense fighting in Misrata. The drawing, created by group member Fatima El Jamal, tells the story of women raped in Misrata. A Libya National Flag now officially adopted by The National Transitional Council is draped over one of the women depicted to symbolize protection.
  • Left: Farida, 24 and Mayar, 23 both participated in the demonstrations on the 25th of January and spent time sleeping in Tahrir Square and returned on November 18th and have been there ever since. The two girls met in the square and have become very close friends. “We've mostly been working in emergency services, giving people wet towels to help with the tear gas. We’ve mostly been involved in helping others. We will stay here until our demands are met. We want the military council to leave, and give civilians control of the country. We still haven’t seen anything productive. Farida passed out due to teargas inhalation and was carried by a man to a medic tent and Mayar hasn’t gotten back her sense of smell. “We wore masks and threw rocks, I was hit in the leg with a metal object,” says Farida. “My family knew I was in Tahrir Square in January, but they told me to stop going once Mubarak stepped down. They don’t know that I’m here now, I tell them that I’m going to work, but I really come here,” says Mayar.Right: Salma Taghdi 22, Aseel Tajuri, 22 and Maysam Shebani, 22 started a weekly Newspaper titled {quote} Men Trabuls- From Tripoli{quote} in June of this year. “We couldn’t be in the fighting, we couldn’t take the guns. People were scared for women to go out and fight because of the raping and kidnapping, so we decided to do something different,” Maysam said. Their goal was to get revolution news to local citizens. Sections of the paper included revolutions updates, and security and safety advice. Aseel went out in Tajoura on the 18th of June “to take part in a peaceful woman’s demonstration to show the world we’re against Gaddafi. We covered our faces when we went out, so nobody knew who we were. We did it because everybody was frustrated here in Tripoli.
  • Mona Sadek, late 20's and Sara Yasser, 18, have been in Tahrir Square for the past week. Mona traveled seven hours to participate with her friends after one of them was hurt. She is currently studying architecture but has stopped to participate in the revolution. “In the first revolution, it was very dangerous for girls and my parents were worried, but later I felt like I had to participate. I have to move, I have to move. I convinced my friends and family to sign “seven demands for change in Egypt,” it’s our time to go for change. We have no choice; we have to do something. Sara, who is a student in artifacts and antiquities, arrived eight days ago to the Square. “I know a lot of people here, but I came alone. We came out for the revolution, but no change has followed so that is why we are out again. We want a civilian presidential council; the military council has been here for 10 months. We need new representation for the people. My parent’s know I’m here and support me to be here in the midan.”
  • Women gathered by the thousands in Tripoli's Martyrs' Square (formerly known as Green Square) to celebrate the ousting of Muammar Gaddafi. A sea of head scarves, national flags and victory signs filled the square where women sang songs and chanted in celebration. Women for the most part have been out of the public eye during the revolution, but many have been working behind the scenes to liberate the country from the 42 year oppressive regime.
  • On March 8th, recognized as International Women's Day women's groups and ngo's gathered in the capitol of Libya to celebrate. {quote}The Voice of Libyan Women{quote} and {quote}Phoenix Libya{quote} groups were present, all dressed in white to signify peace. Women and girls chanted slogans, gave speeches and sang songs to celebrate.
  • {quote}Since I spoke out about the virginity tests I have lost all my friends. Some people on the streets spit on me.{quote}-Samira Ibrahim
  • Top Right: Zahraa Kassem, 33, is the sister of Khaled Said who was beaten to death by Egyptian security forces and is said to be {quote}the spark{quote} for the Egyptian Revolution. A Facebook group titled {quote}We are all Khaled Said,{quote} brought attention to his death and contributed to growing discontent in the weeks leading up to the Egyptian Revolution which began in February. Zahraa began protested in June 2010, after the death of her brother in their hometown of Alexandria. Top Left: Dalia, 28, is a pharmacist and has spent the past week volunteering in Tahrir Square at a makeshift clinic. She said, {quote}Military attacked the makeshift hospital with teargas.{quote}Bottom Right: Jasmina Metwally, 29, is an artists based in Cairo. Originally her work focused on conceptual painting, but during the revolution, she began doing video work with a documentary purpose. “There are things happening around us, I needed to do things for a purpose and it needed to reach an audience. Art is more conceptual; documentary is reaching more people, to rescue the revolution. I kept it straightforward, I was trying to send a clear message.{quote}Bottom Left: Nadia El Bergli, 28, is the manager of {quote}Grains of Hope{quote} which was created on the 1st of July. The group is comprised predominantly of women who make food for the rebels on the front line, approximately 300 meals a day. Nadia's younger brother Abdel Adem was detained by troops loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi on April 4th. She holds a collage that she made depicting her brothers time in detention.
  • Marwa Enaas, 24, lives on Tripoli Street in Misrata. Tripoli Street saw the heaviest fighting in all of Misrata. “The first day of the fighting, there was heavy bombing. I sat in the hallway of my house with my family for a long time. My brother who is a rebel came to our house to tell us that the apartment above us was on fire. We heard the walls falling down.” Marwa and her family stayed with relatives for ten days before returning to their house. “There was no water and no electricity. I never thought they would use tanks and grad missiles against us, I never thought I would see those here in Misrata. AK’s yes. After his first speech when he said {quote}rats{quote} I really thought he would do anything. We became scared of a nuclear bomb.  We stayed in Misrata the entire time. When we saw these things, we had to leave it to god. We win or we die, we will not surrender.  The most important to me is education to be better. I’m studying computer science. With democracy and justice and education better, everything will be better.”
  • Left: Jasmine Hamdoun, 32 and Reem El Adl, 29 spend their day at work and come to Tahrir Square around 4pm everyday. They have a tent in the square and sleep there every night. “We stay here and wait for other people to take part in marches.” They explain they will stay in the square until “the military rule is brought down and there are no military trials for civilians. We are facing more violence now than before; this has to stop. We are calling for a civilian presidential council that will resolve the country. The military must resign because of too much aggression. I think they are using poison gas on us and that many people will leave Tahrir with cancer.”Right: In Tahrir Square, a sign hangs, {quote}Women Are Present Too.{quote} On March 8th, 2011, widely recognized as International Women’s Day, Egyptian women peacefully demonstrated in Tahrir Square. The Coalition of Egyptian Feminist Organizations states “The participants then stood on the pavement, and got involved in a constructive dialogue about issues of citizenship, discrimination and social justice.” Shortly thereafter, participating women were barraged with physical assault, sexual harassment and verbal abuse by a group of men. Women were chased through the square, sexually assaulted and in some cases beaten. Women have been largely barred from all discussions on democracy in Egypt.
  • Bridget, 24, who is 6 months pregnant and originally from Nigeria has lived in Libya for the past four years. She came to Libya because she explained “there was no money in my country. I came here and sold clothes. There is better money here in Libya. I don’t want to go home to Nigeria, I would like to go to Italy.” Currently, Bridget is living at Janzour Port underneath a dry docked boat and relying on the kindness and generosity of locals donating food and water. “I hope I leave before I have my baby, this is not a good place to be born.”
  • Eyadea Elspaie, 50, visits the grave of her son at Ali Hensheri Cemetery, which is named after on old martyr. Tarea Elspaie, 34 was killed by African mercenaries on August 27th in El Hadba.
  • Top Right: Salma Taghdi aka Asma Trabulsi, 22, stands at her family’s house with the radio that her and her father used to listen in on the movements of Qaddafi’s troops movements since the start of the Libyan Revolution in February. They recorded everything they heard in a desk calendar, writing the specific date and time. Top Left: Asmaa Samy, 18, has been involved in the demonstrations since January 28th. {quote}Many things have changed for us, we didn't used to have an outspoken role before, now we see the role of women.{quote}Bottom Right: Hweida Mahmoud Shibadi, 40 and Nabila Abdelrahman Abu Ras, 40, are both lawyers in Tripoli. Hweida passed along information regarding Gaddafi's military movements to a family member who is apart of the NTC, which resulted in NATO airstrikes. Nabila helped organize Tripoli's first lawyers' demonstration in February and then, late in pregnancy, printed revolutionary leaflets that woman tossed from speeding cars. {quote}Even if they don't give us our rights, we have the right to go out and demand them.{quote}Bottom Left: Margaret Asante, 37, is originally from Ghana and has been living in Libya for the past 27 years. She owns three import/export shops in Tripoli, bringing African items to migrants in Libya. When the fighting came to Tripoli at the end of August “the environment totally changed, African migrants were being robbed in town,” says Margaret. “People came here because they thought it would be safer, but men came at night. They took people’s money, cell phones, they took my car.” Margaret brought items from her stores in Tripoli and set up a shop at Janzour Port for Migrants. “If I didn’t come, people weren’t going to eat.” Margaret is pictured with her two-year-old son Joshua Bafo Asante.
  • A family drove into the Capitol for a day of sightseeing at Bab al-Azizia, Muammar Gaddafi's compound that has now turned into a {quote}tourist{quote} site for Libyans who never thought they'd have the chance to see behind the high, guarded walls. They then headed to Tajoura for a day at the beach.
  • As Tripoli slowly returns to normal, woman and children begin to venture out of the house, where many have been in hidding since mid February. A family spends a day at the beach in Tajoura in a new and free Libya.
  • Weded Elbede, 52, stand in the bridal store that she has owned for the past six years. She has supported the revolution from the beginning, and all five of her sons fought to liberate Tripoli. After the revolution began in February, men working for Muammar Gaddafi would stop by her store, threatening to keep it open or else they would take it from her. {quote}They wanted things to look normal,{quote} she explains. In April she closed her store {quote}I grew tired of what was happening in the country and I wanted to show the world everything was not ok. I kept the shop closed until Tripoli was liberated.{quote} They opened the store again on the last day of Ramadan to show that things were going back to normal. One night during the revolution men supporting the rebels created a roadblock in front of her store, and raised the national flag. A father and son supporting Gaddafi lowered the flag and burned it, then called troops loyal to the repressive leader. {quote}African’s showed up wearing green flags on their head, there was heavy machine gun fire. I live above my store, and many bullets broke the windows in my house.{quote} On August 23rd her youngest son was fixing his bike outside her store when a man in a taxi drove by spraying the street with bullets. He was shot four times in the back, along with other children who were playing outside. {quote}A lot of taxi's were involved in drive by shootings as many were secretly working for internal intelligence. Leading up to the revolution I heard some taxis were working for free so they could speak to more people and gather information, they were targeting the youth.{quote}
  • Top Right: Egypt’s President, Mohamed Morsi appointed 21 senior aides and advisers, three of which were women. Dr. Omaima Kamel, a medical professor at Cairo University and Muslim Brotherhood member is one of those women. Top Left: Manal Abul Hassan, a leading female figure in the Muslim Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party publicly attacked the December 2011 women’s march, suggesting it had been funded from abroad. The FJP women's secretary went on to state {quote}Does she [the female protestor] not have a husband, a brother or a son to defend her?{quote}Bottom Right: Nehad Abu El-Komsan, Chairwoman at the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights states, {quote}The biggest hardship is convincing people we're qualified. Generally most people think women are less qualified than men. This is most people. Even though women usually have higher scores and degrees than men. It's not only qualification, it's trust on how much we'll give to our work; how much time we'll put in. People consider women a waste of time. She may work for a year or two, but once she's married and has a child she'll become lazy in the work place or leave all together. Employers think it's not worth their time training a woman because she wont be around for a long period. This is not true. Women are so dedicated, to job and to home; this is two jobs.{quote}Bottom Left: Velichka Petkova, 52, is Bulgarian and has lived in Libya for the last 17 years. Today she is working as a nurse at a clinic, which is positioned at the last rebel checkpoint before the besieged town of Bani Walid, one of the last strongholds of Gaddafi loyalists. {quote}When the rebels took Tripoli I was working at Tripoli Central Hospital. We prepared medicine and hospital supplies for them. I was working 12 hours a day. No one knows what will happen here, if we will die.{quote}
  • In the early 90’s Egypt introduced one car on each train on the metro to be solely for women. The segregation on the metro is aimed at reducing sexual harassment such as groping on crowded cars. Some believe the separation on cars is positive, as it provides women a safe heaven to travel, others believe it’s a step back to the “dark ages.” According to the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights, there has been a rise in sexual harassment and violence against women in the last decade, from constant verbal remarks and noises on the street to rape. The Center released a report in 2008 showing that eighty three percent of Egyptian women and ninety eight percent of foreign women in Egypt are sexually harassed. Conservative Islamic dress such as the niqab is no defense; even veiled women are harassed.
  • A woman watches from a bus as a demonstration takes place outside of a courthouse in Cairo. The demonstrators are protesting the continuation of bloodshed and the brutality of the military and police. The phrase {quote}Couch Party” has been coined in Egypt to describe the silent and often uninvolved majority who sit and watch the protests on TV.
  • Amal Sharaf, 37, “I was involved since 2008, since the movement started. I am one of the co-founders of the April 6th Movement. When we started in 2008 we did not have one percent hope that we would reach the revolution in three years. We thought that we would fight corruption and our biggest dream was to get rid of a minister, which we went on January 25th for. But when people felt the crimes were getting more and more and people were getting killed, and police brutality was spreading everywhere and corruption is spreading everywhere and Mubarak is treating people as if its his own country. The Minister of Interior, we called him the Minister of Torture; he used to kill people everywhere. So we went and made many protests over these three years, not only for the emergency law, we made for the prices, we made for the cops, for the churches that were burned, for people who were killed, we made many protests for many issues. But the main thing we were stressing on politics mainly. We made the group then it got larger and larger and became many smaller groups within the movement. We started out with 16 members and now we are thousands, all over Egypt in all cities. We did a protest on January 25, 2010 for police brutality since it was the day of their national holiday. We decided to do it again this year (2011) but we didn’t expect it to be that large. We made the invitations, and we expected huge numbers to come, but not that huge, we expected a big protest, but not a revolution. I was one of the ones who stayed in the control room, we were seven, around 16 mobiles, every second we had a call. They felt so enthusiastic about it. Then suddenly, I got calls on the 25th, Amal, it’s 10,000 demonstrators, I couldn’t believe it until I saw it with my own eyes. We had to think what to do, they didn’t expect all this and we also didn’t expect all this to happen. It was a surprise for both of us, the regime and us. Now we’re having a revolution, and we have to face it. This is the revolution, so Mubarak should leave. This is the first demand. Mubarak must leave, no negotiations, nothing. We expected Mubarak to leave, and for the military to take over. And I, personally expected the military to do what they are doing now, but people did not expect it. No one expected the military would want for their benefit and not ours. They were his men for 30 years, they are loyal to him and they are corrupt like him. They wanted Mubarak to step down, but for them, not for us. I wasn’t very happy about this happening, because I knew we’d end up with what we’re in now and I kept warning people. Three months exactly when the military started to show that they’re the owners of the country, like Mubarak, and worse, military trials for civilians, torturing people and still corruptions happening, still brutality everywhere, but now the military and the police, both. I was one hundred percent sure I was right, when they attacked us in the human rights center. The military with thugs and police and state security, and my daughter was with me, we were thirty-five people, they attacked the place and made us sit on the floor, put our hands on our head, and they said we have a military order to shoot, although they don’t have rights to do this. They arrested around thirty of us, they let me leave only because my daughter was with me and she kept crying and they started to panic. They let me and an old lady go only. The old lady because a thug hit her on the head with a stick with nails in it and there was blood all over her. When the thug hit her on her head, she fell on me, the army soldier told him, you don’t have to beat her, we have a military order to shoot anyway. This was his reaction when the woman kept crying and screaming; she started to panic. People on the streets don’t understand anything, they think the military is an angel, that they were backing the revolution; they know nothing about the militaries doings. When the second Revolution happened, I was happy, it was the happiest week of my life.{quote}
  • Women and children pray at Isha prayer at a Mosque in Tripoli during the holy month of Ramadan.
  • Under the regime of ousted dictator Hosni Mubarak, state tv enforced a strict secular dress code. In September 2012, an Egyptian female news anchor wore a hijab on the air. A new Islamic TV Channel named {quote}Maria{quote} caters to and is run by fully veiled women. {quote}Maria,{quote} which launched at the start of Ramadan in 2012 mirrors cultural changes taking place in the country.
  • Jumana Wali, 20, has been shooting for the past five years. Her mother, Amal Taher Arab, 51 and her older sister Areej Ibrahim Wali, 24 are the three best female rifle shooters in Libya. Her mother says, {quote}My husband taught me when we got married. When I first learned, I thought it was something fantastic. I used to teach school and be a housewife, doing this sport is something good for me. Jumana's mother has the best shooting score in Libya out of all the women. Jumana's father created the center in which they train, setting up targets and painting the walls with murals. In 2010 the three women received silver in Algeria, shooting as a team. Jumana hopes to qualify for the Olympics in London.
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  • Boyscouts and Girlscouts gathered for a weekend of camping outside of the capitol of Tripoli. The girls however, were not permitted to camp as the boys were because of insecurities following the Revolution.
  • Noor Al Huda, 18, has been a girl scout in Libya for the past four years. Scouts in Libya was founded in 1954 and escaped Gaddaf's bans on independent organizations because Gaddafi himself was said to be a scout at a young age.
  • Boyscouts and Girlscouts gathered for a weekend of camping outside of the capitol of Tripoli. Boyscouts learned how to fix a car engine, shoot a bow and arrow and start a fire, while the Girlscouts sang songs and played memory games.
  • Boyscouts and Girlscouts gathered for a weekend of camping outside of the capitol of Tripoli. The girls however, were not permitted to camp as the boys were because of insecurities following the Revolution.
  • Libyan girls wait outside of their school for their final exams to begin. {quote}The biggest hardship is convincing people we're qualified. Generally most people think women are less qualified than men. This is most people. Even though women usually have higher scores and degrees than men. It's not only qualification, it's trust on how much we'll give to our work; how much time we'll put in. People consider women a waste of time. She may work for a year or two, but once she's married and has a child she'll become lazy in the work place or leave all together. Employers think it's not worth their time training a woman because she wont be around for a long period. This is not true. Women are so dedicated, to job and to home; this is two jobs.{quote} -Nehad Abu El-Komsan, Chairwoman of the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights
  • Libyan girls lockers at an all girls school in the capital of Tripoli.
  • The bedroom of a young Libyan girl.
  • Nour helps her older sister organize her new wardrobe. When Libyan women become engaged, they start the process of buying new clothes for their new life with their husband. Depending on the wealth of the family, thousands and thousands of Libyan dinars are spent on the new apparel.
  • Women in Martyrs Square watch their children on the bouncy castle in Tripoli, Libya
  • Judge Thuraya Algadmsi, 47, studied the criminal and police side of law and worked for Gaddafi’s regime as a judge. She burned her judge’s robe on February 17th, 2011. While she was studying law at University, she was surprised that women were not allowed to be judges or court investigators. It wasn’t until 1989, the year that she graduated that Gaddafi granted women the opportunity. “I began working in the investigating department, as you cannot be a judge until you are thirty years old. I became a judge in 2001, specifically in marriage cases, looking at what could help the women. I chose this specifically to help the Libyan women. I wanted them to know that they had rights. I’m a mother and a wife; I understand these issues. I would always ask the women to be present in the courtroom for divorce cases. There were many laws in the past regime that were supporting women. In divorce, the woman has the right to the house, and women have the right to work, there were many things supporting them. My fear is if religion gets involved in law they will take these away. Under Gaddafi, there was no sharia law but now there are many parties, and communities wanting to reform the constitution to take these laws out supporting women. I’m worried about the law that allows men to take a second or third wife without asking his first wives permission and women’s custody right’s over their children. If these laws are changed, we won’t be moderate anymore. Let’s hope that we will not be like Iran. We are currently creating many civil societies to define these laws. We will not let them remove it. That’s why we are getting ourselves ready and stronger to flight for these. What if after 22 years they remove the right for women to be judges? I would lose my job after all these years. I think the Libyan woman was always in the house, now after the revolution she is more public. She can speak loudly now! It was us pushing the Libyan men out the door to fight. This new generation won’t keep silent and watch if there is something they don’t like. In the beginning, I’m sure that woman won’t take a large percentage of parliament, but hopefully in the future it will be better. The revolution means change for the better and I wanted to see every moment of the revolution. Even me, inside my personality has changed. I’m not afraid of anything now. I need to continue to fight for what is right and I know the next generation of women will be able to carry out even more.” Currently Judge Thuraya is working as the manager of the legal office of the NTC’s Ministry of Affairs of the Families Martyrs and Missing which was created to care for, support and assist the families of Martyrs and the missing in their social, educational and health needs. Their aim is to search for and identify all reported missing people inside and outside of Libya.
  • A campaign poster in Tripoli, Libya leading up to their historical Parliamentary Election.
  • Women from all walks of life line up to vote in Libya's historical Parliamentary Election following their revolution.
  • During the run up to the historic Parliamentary Election in Libya, many women's campaign posters were defaced.
  • On November 28th Egypt held it's first round of parliamentary elections. {quote}This is my first time voting. There are so many women than ever before. I think three quarters of the women are voting for the Muslim Brotherhood. I see that the lower class are in support of them, but don't really know what they are voting for. They are just throwing around religious quotes. People are voting for them on a superficial basis. I voted for the Party that will continue with the Revolution. I didn't know who to vote for in specific, but I wanted to continue in solidarity with the youth movement,{quote} said Norhan Korim, 22.
  • During the run up to the historic Parliamentary Election in Libya, many women's campaign posters were defaced.
  • Women vote in Libya's historical Parliamentary Election following their revolution in the capital Tripoli.
  • round of parliamentary elections. {quote}This is my first time voting. There are so many women than ever before. I think three quarters of the women are voting for the Muslim Brotherhood. I see that the lower class are in support of them, but don't really know what they are voting for. They are just throwing around religious quotes. People are voting for them on a superficial basis. I voted for the Party that will continue with the Revolution. I didn't know who to vote for in specific, but I wanted to continue in solidarity with the youth movement,{quote} said Norhan Korim, 22.
  • Women celebrate in Martyrs Square, waving their inked fingers in the air after voting in Libya's historical Parliamentary election
  • A Libyan woman prays in prayer garments in her bedroom. When Muslims pray they present themselves to God in the act, to be fully covered is a mark of respect. Muslim women are required to dress modestly as required by the Holy Qur'an. Women are not required to wear prayer attire unless their clothes are tight.
  • A Libyan girl puts on make up in her bedroom in Tripoli. Although she dresses modestly and wears a hijab she's preparing to attend a girls only birthday party where she is able to wear whatever she likes. For women, weddings, birthday parties and women's only tea parties are the only occasions where they do not have to dress modestly or cover their hair or bodies in public.
  • A Libyan girl celebrates her 21st birthday at her parents home in Tripoli. Girls who usually wear a hijab or abaya wear revealing dresses since men are not present. Girls arrive at the house in robes, concealing their party dresses. The girls spend time dancing to Western music and eating sweets before dinner and finally a birthday cake.
  • A Libyan girl celebrates her 21st birthday at her parents home in Tripoli. Girls who usually wear a hijab or abaya wear revealing dresses since men are not present. Girls arrive at the house in robes, concealing their party dresses. The girls spend time dancing to Western music and eating sweets before dinner and finally a birthday cake.
  • A traditional Libyan wedding is a grand affair and if finances permit can last up to five days. Men and women celebrate separately. In March of 2012, the National Transitional Council passed law number 119, which encourages marriage in Libya. A marriage support fund was created through the Ministry of Social Affairs, which helps to cover wedding and housing costs. Especially for the youth, marriage in Libya is a sensitive issue. Failed socialists policies of the past regime such as property ownership greatly limited the opportunity of marriage. Under Gaddafi, vacant properties could be occupied by anyone, the occupiers becoming owners of the dwelling. Marriage is important in Islam and a respected union in the Arab world where family is regarded with great importance. The inability for men and women to marry created great tension in the country. A Libyan bride wears a traditional wedding dress that can easily cost over $30,000 USD. The garments are sewn with thread made of silver and gold.
  • On March 8th, recognized as International Women's Day women's groups and ngo's gathered in the capitol of Libya to celebrate. {quote}The Voice of Libyan Women{quote} and {quote}Phoenix Libya{quote} groups were present, all dressed in white to signify peace. Women and girls chanted slogans, gave speeches and sang songs to celebrate.
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